First, Ari and Jeremy are joined by archaeologist Yosef Garfinkel. Prof. Garfinkel headed the excavation that led to the discovery of Khirbet Qeiyafa, a city from the time of King David, half a mile from the valley where the battle between David and Goliath took place. At the site, a pot was found with inscriptions connected to the scripture and period, as were city walls, gates, pillars, houses and more. Garfinkel discusses the response to these findings on the part of the public and the academic world. He also explains why he is now excavating in Lachish, and the significance of his findings there.

Then, Jeremy is joined in-studio by Rabbi Yehoshua Pfeffer, director of The Tikvah Fund, to discus the future of the ultra-Orthodox in the modern state of Israel. He says one of the biggest challenges is bringing together Jews from different cultures, backgrounds and ideologies to build a thriving society. Since the Holocaust, many of the ultra-Orthodox have taken it upon themselves to separate from the world and commit to the study of Torah. Is this sustainable? Rabbi Pfeffer has dedicated much of his life to helping to integrate them into modern society. He says the idea to separate oneself from the world is not a Jewish idea, and explains why he sees this trend changing in the future — and how the Tikvah Fund is helping to bring about that change.